Up until Dec 7 1941
America was
controlled by isolationists who believed we should stay out of any foreign
wars, no matter what. Isolationists
pointed to Versailles Peace Treaty that ended World War 1. Despite serious American participation on the
Allied side, we did not get anything much from the Versailles
treaty. Mostly this was because the
Versailles Treaty mostly concerned divvying up European colonies between the
winners. After suppressing the
Philippine insurrection before WW1 we had little interest in obtaining more overseas
colonies. The Philippines
taught us that running a colony is expensive, in lives, in money, and
reputation. There was still plenty of
unsettled land in the West to settle countless farmers on. Up until Pearl
Harbor the United States
was solidly against any kind of military action, anywhere. We knew that Japan
was doing quite a bit of aggression in the East, gobbling up bit parts of China,
Manchuria, and other tasty parts of the Far
East. We disapproved. We send Japan
a series of diplomatic notes, (nasty grams) letting them know we
disapproved. But no way were we gong to
go farther than nasty grams.
Things drifted on, and we got more difficult. We finally stopped selling crude oil and
scrap steel to Japan. Many historians said after the war that the
embargoes on oil and steel forced Japan
to do Pearl Harbor.
This is not true. The Dutch
East Indies had (still have) plenty of oil. The Nazis had just invaded and occupied the Netherlands,
which left the Dutch East Indies just hanging in the
wind. Japan
could have sent a fleet of tankers, and some bankers with thick check books to
the Indies and they could have bought all the oil Japan
would need for years. And scrap steel
is easy to buy, in most places it ranks as ugly junk and people are happy to
find someone to haul it away.
Instead Japan
decided to declare war on America
and deal us a heavy blow. The Japanese
government thought that after a solid blow the Americans would sue for
peace. Serious misunderstanding #1. After taking a blow Americans never sue for
peace, they get mad and start breaking things and enemies. Most of Japan’s
government leaders had never been to America,
did not speak English, and had no idea of whom or what they were dealing
with. The one exception was Admiral
Yamamoto. He had done college at
Harvard, served as Japan’s
naval attaché in DC, spoke English, played poker, and traveled throughout America. Too bad few people in Japan
listened to him. When they asked
Yamamoto how the war with America
would turn out he said “for the first six months we shall run wild. But after six months I have no confidence at
all.”
Yamamoto had it right.
Within 6 months of Pearl Harbor we met the
Japanese navy at Midway and sank four of the Japanese carriers. Japan
never recovered from that blow.