Way back when, well before the First World War, Royal Navy
admiral Fisher wanted vessels to find the enemy battle fleet at sea. Battle
fleets (maybe a dozen battle ships) had a screen of cruisers to shield them from
enemy observation in this age before aircraft.
Since the fleet screen was cruisers, Fisher could not use destroyers for
searching; the cruiser screen could easily sink any destroyers that caught up
with them. If he used cruisers, all that
would happen is a bunch to ship-to-ship duels between his cruisers and the
enemy cruisers and he would not find the enemy battle fleet.
So Fisher asked for
a ship strong enough to break thru the cruiser screen and fast enough to catch
the enemy battle fleet. The result was a
big as a battleship, carried the guns of a battleship, and the turbine engines
that were just coming into service. In fact the battle cruisers had everything
a battleship had except armor plate. Their
commanders thought they were commanding battleships.
Come World War
1. The British had built four of
Fisher’s battle cruisers. They were
grouped into a squadron under command of the flamboyant Admiral Beatty. Beatty wasn’t very bright, he wasn’t an
experienced old sea dog; he was a member of parliament. But, as luck would have it, Beatty
encountered the German battle fleet at sea, getting ready for the battle of Jutland. Beatty failed to get a radio message off
giving German position, course, and speed, he failed to order his squadron to turn
and run for it. Instead Beatty ordered
his squadron of four battle cruisers to engage the Germans. With in a few minutes the German battleships
sank three out of Beatty’s four battle cruisers, “There seems to be something
wrong with our bloody ships today.” Beatty remarked at the time.
Meantime the
British Grand Fleet, under experienced old sea dog Admiral Jellicoe had put to
sea. Jellicoe knew the North
Sea, the tides, the winds, the shoal waters, and the amount to
daylight. Using his knowledge of the sea
Jellicoe figured where the Germans were going to go. He got it right, so right that he was able to
cross the German’s Tee, a battle winning maneuver in those days. One firing pass by the British inflicted so
much damage on the Germans that they used a fancy new turning maneuver and left
the area. Jellicoe maneuvered himself
and about an hour later managed to cross the German’s Tee a second time, inflicting
a lot more damage.
Next morning, the
British fleet was back at Scapa Flow and reported to London
that it was ready for action again. The
German fleet was so shot up that it was not ready to sail again for
months. Both sides claimed victory, but
by rights the British won this one.