5000 years of horse breeding and inventing.

I was watching TV where they were showing clips from a racetrack, before the race.  I don’t remember, or perhaps I never did catch the name of the track or the race.  The shots of the horses were impressive.  Big, beautifully groomed, tight barrels, muscular haunches, I could tell these were a lot of good fast race horses. 

   Thinking about it, I realized that I was looking at the end results of at least 5000 years of horse breeding and inventions of tack.  The oldest horse pictures we have come from ancient Egypt around 3000 BC, where the artist shows us a two wheel chariot, a great noble (perhaps even Pharaoh) riding in the chariot, and a two horse team.  At this early date, horses had been domesticated, but they were small animals, too small to bear the weight of a grown man.  Hence the chariot. 

   It won’t be until around 1000 BC that the Medes will breed up a line of horses big enough for riding.  This should have made cavalry cheaper to field.  Surely the riding tack for a single man, and just a single horse was cheaper than a whole chariot, harnesses, two horses, and other stuff needed for chariots. 

   The next improvement was the invention of the stirrup some time in the 700-800 AD time frame.  The stirrup was invented somewhere out East, India perhaps, somewhere out on the steppes perhaps.  Stirrups got the France sometime in the 700s.  By the late 700’s all of Charlemagne’s cavalry was riding with stirrups. We know this from period illustrations. 

   Stirrups improved the effectiveness of cavalry a lot, so much so that the military history of Europe is dominated by cavalry (armored knights) from Charlemagne’s time (800 AD) down to the introduction of muskets for the infantry (1450-1500 AD).  Special large and strong breeds of horses to carry the knight, the armor, and a small armory of edged weapons were developed.  Today we use those breeds of horses to pull the Budweiser beer wagon.  The race horses are all breed from horses the Arabs had.  I don’t know the story of just how or when the Arabs came by the best horses, but they did somehow.  For a long time the Arabs refused to sell their good horses to the Western infidels.  There is a story behind getting Arab horses back the Europe and America, but I don’t know it.